Files
ubuntu-post-install/services/wg-easy.sh
T
Claude 4a0ec63a04 wg-easy: hub-routed peer mesh by default, plus SSH-alias sync script
Pins WG_DEFAULT_ADDRESS/WG_ALLOWED_IPS explicitly instead of relying on
wg-easy's own internal default, so every client is created with
0.0.0.0/0 Allowed IPs — client-to-client traffic already routes through
this VPS automatically with no per-pair config, confirmed against
wg-easy's own docs/issue tracker as the documented way to get this
behavior. Also adds an opt-in, additive-only UFW rule to reach SSH over
the VPN subnet (never touches the existing public SSH rule — narrowing
that is left as a manual step so a misconfigured VPN can't lock anyone
out), and a self-contained sync-ssh-aliases.sh companion script that
reads connected peers straight off the live WireGuard interface (`wg
show`, not wg-easy's own undocumented/unstable HTTP API or its
internal storage format) to generate ~/.ssh/config Host aliases.

This is a hub-and-spoke design, not true peer-to-peer mesh: the VPS is
a single point of failure for inter-peer connectivity specifically
(not just VPS access), and unlike NetBird/Tailscale there's no direct
P2P fallback or centralized identity for multi-person key management.
Documented in the generated README as a real tradeoff, not a full
substitute for NetBird once more than one box or one person is
involved.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01TBtExJcqxnokyZZKmphdug
2026-08-09 12:44:46 +00:00

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#!/bin/bash
# services/wg-easy.sh — WireGuard VPN with a web management UI (wg-easy).
# Part of the modular post-install system (sourced by setup.sh).
#
# Can also be run standalone on any machine:
# sudo bash wg-easy.sh
# (Docker must already be installed when run standalone)
#
# Ported from ubuntu-post-install-24.04-crowdsec.sh (# ---- WG-EASY ----).
# Own ~/docker/wg-easy/ with a standalone docker-compose.yml + .env.
# Requires cap_add: NET_ADMIN + SYS_MODULE and ip_forward sysctl.
# Forward UDP 51820 on your router to this server for external VPN access.
# ── Standalone bootstrap ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────
# Detected when the script is executed directly rather than sourced by setup.sh.
# Sets up helpers and globals, then defers execution until after the function
# definition at the bottom of this file.
if [[ "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}" == "${0}" ]]; then
[[ "$(id -u)" == "0" ]] || { echo "Run with sudo: sudo bash $0"; exit 1; }
_SELF_DIR="$(cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")" && pwd)"
_COMMON="$_SELF_DIR/../lib/common.sh"
if [[ -f "$_COMMON" ]]; then
# Full repo present — use the real helpers (picks up ~/docker/.config too)
# shellcheck source=../lib/common.sh
source "$_COMMON"
else
# One-off copy — inline minimal stubs so the script works without the repo
log_info() { echo -e "\033[0;34m[INFO]\033[0m $*"; }
log_success() { echo -e "\033[0;32m[OK]\033[0m $*"; }
log_warning() { echo -e "\033[1;33m[WARN]\033[0m $*"; }
log_error() { echo -e "\033[0;31m[ERROR]\033[0m $*" >&2; }
require_docker() {
command -v docker &>/dev/null || {
log_error "Docker not found. Install it first:"
log_error " curl -fsSL https://get.docker.com | sudo sh"
return 1
}
docker compose version &>/dev/null || {
log_error "Docker Compose plugin missing:"
log_error " sudo apt-get install -y docker-compose-plugin"
return 1
}
}
ensure_docker_dir_ownership() {
chown -R "$ACTUAL_USER:$ACTUAL_USER" "$@" 2>/dev/null || true
}
# Match common.sh's eval-based pattern so local vars in install_* are set correctly
prompt_text() {
local _q="$1" _def="$2" _var="$3" _r
[[ "${UNATTENDED:-false}" == "true" ]] && { eval "$_var='$_def'"; return; }
read -r -p " $_q " _r
eval "$_var='${_r:-$_def}'"
}
prompt_yn() {
local _q="$1" _def="$2" _var="$3" _r
[[ "${UNATTENDED:-false}" == "true" ]] && { eval "$_var='$_def'"; return; }
read -r -p " $_q " _r
eval "$_var='${_r:-$_def}'"
}
configure_caddy_for_service() {
local _name="$1" _upstream="$2" _subdomain="$3" _extra="${4:-}"
local _caddy_dir="$DOCKER_DIR/caddy"
local _caddyfile="$_caddy_dir/Caddyfile"
local _display_port="${_upstream##*:}"
# Determine mode: local Caddy, remote Caddy, or none
local _mode="none"
[[ -d "$_caddy_dir" ]] && _mode="local"
[[ -n "${CADDY_REMOTE_HOST:-}" ]] && [[ "$_mode" != "local" ]] && _mode="remote"
[[ "$_mode" == "none" ]] && {
log_info "Access $_name directly on port $_display_port."
return 0
}
echo ""
local _do_caddy=""
if [[ "$_mode" == "remote" ]]; then
log_info "Remote Caddy configured (${CADDY_REMOTE_HOST})."
log_info "A snippet file will be saved to ~/docker/caddy-snippets/."
fi
read -r -p " Configure Caddy reverse proxy for $_name? [y/N]: " _do_caddy
[[ "${_do_caddy,,}" == "y" ]] || {
log_info "Skipping — access at: http://localhost:$_display_port"
return 0
}
# Domain prompt — pre-fill from SITE_DOMAIN when available
local _default_domain=""
if [[ -n "${SITE_DOMAIN:-}" ]] && [[ "$SITE_DOMAIN" != "example.com" ]]; then
_default_domain="${_subdomain}.${SITE_DOMAIN}"
log_info "Default: $_default_domain"
fi
local _domain=""
read -r -p " Domain [${_default_domain:-required}]: " _domain
_domain="${_domain:-$_default_domain}"
[[ -n "$_domain" ]] || { log_warning "No domain entered — skipping Caddy."; return 0; }
# Build upstream — remote Caddy uses host IP:port, not container name
local _block_upstream="$_upstream"
if [[ "$_mode" == "remote" ]]; then
_block_upstream="${CADDY_REMOTE_HOST}:${_display_port}"
fi
local _site_block
_site_block="$(cat << CBLOCK
# $_name
${_domain} {
reverse_proxy ${_block_upstream}
header {
Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains; preload"
X-Content-Type-Options "nosniff"
X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN"
Referrer-Policy "strict-origin-when-cross-origin"
}
log {
output file /var/log/caddy/${_domain}.log
format json
}
${_extra}
}
CBLOCK
)"
if [[ "$_mode" == "local" ]]; then
if [[ -f "$_caddyfile" ]]; then
local _bk="$_caddy_dir/Caddyfile.backup.$(date +%Y%m%d-%H%M%S)"
cp "$_caddyfile" "$_bk"
log_info "Backed up Caddyfile to $(basename "$_bk")"
else
touch "$_caddyfile"
fi
if grep -q "^${_domain}" "$_caddyfile" 2>/dev/null; then
log_warning "$_domain already in Caddyfile"
local _ow=""
read -r -p " Overwrite? [y/N]: " _ow
[[ "${_ow,,}" == "y" ]] || { log_info "Keeping existing entry."; return 0; }
sed -i "/^${_domain}/,/^}/d" "$_caddyfile"
fi
printf '%s\n' "$_site_block" >> "$_caddyfile"
log_success "Added $_domain to Caddyfile"
docker exec caddy caddy fmt --overwrite /etc/caddy/Caddyfile 2>/dev/null || true
if docker exec caddy caddy reload --config /etc/caddy/Caddyfile 2>/dev/null; then
log_success "$_name accessible at: https://$_domain"
else
log_warning "Reload failed — check: docker logs caddy"
log_info "Manual reload: docker exec caddy caddy reload --config /etc/caddy/Caddyfile"
fi
else
local _snippet_dir="$DOCKER_DIR/caddy-snippets"
local _snippet_file="$_snippet_dir/${_subdomain}.caddy"
mkdir -p "$_snippet_dir"
printf '%s\n' "$_site_block" > "$_snippet_file"
chown "$ACTUAL_USER:$ACTUAL_USER" "$_snippet_file" 2>/dev/null || true
log_success "Snippet saved: $_snippet_file"
log_info "Copy to Caddy machine:"
log_info " scp $_snippet_file caddy-host:~/caddy-snippets/"
log_info " rsync -av $_snippet_dir/ caddy-host:~/caddy-snippets/ (all at once)"
fi
}
write_readme() {
local _dir="$1"; shift
mkdir -p "$_dir"
cat > "$_dir/README.md"
}
fi
# Globals — ACTUAL_USER/ACTUAL_HOME must come before DOCKER_DIR
# ($HOME under sudo is /root, not the real user's home)
ACTUAL_USER="${ACTUAL_USER:-${SUDO_USER:-$USER}}"
ACTUAL_HOME="$(getent passwd "$ACTUAL_USER" 2>/dev/null | cut -d: -f6 || echo "${HOME:-/root}")"
DOCKER_DIR="${DOCKER_DIR:-$ACTUAL_HOME/docker}"
DRY_RUN="${DRY_RUN:-false}"
UNATTENDED="${UNATTENDED:-false}"
SITE_TZ="${SITE_TZ:-$(cat /etc/timezone 2>/dev/null || echo UTC)}"
SITE_DOMAIN="${SITE_DOMAIN:-example.com}"
SITE_CADDY_NET="${SITE_CADDY_NET:-caddy_net}"
register_service() { :; } # no-op — no wizard to register into
_RUN_STANDALONE=1
fi
# ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
register_service wg-easy utilities "WireGuard VPN with web management UI (wg-easy); peers mesh through this hub automatically, with a script to sync SSH aliases" 51821
install_wg-easy() {
require_docker || return 1
local WGEASY_DIR="$DOCKER_DIR/wg-easy"
if [ "$DRY_RUN" = true ]; then
echo "[DRY-RUN] wg-easy would:"
echo " - Create $WGEASY_DIR with docker-compose.yml + .env (config/)"
echo " - Auto-detect public IP for WG_HOST"
echo " - Generate a random web UI password"
echo " - Pin WG_DEFAULT_ADDRESS=10.8.0.x (subnet 10.8.0.0/24)"
echo " - Expose port 51821 (web UI) + 51820/udp (VPN)"
echo " - Require router port-forward: UDP 51820 → this server"
echo " - Offer a Caddy reverse proxy and to start the container"
echo " - Offer to also allow SSH from the VPN subnet (additive, doesn't remove public SSH)"
echo " - Write sync-ssh-aliases.sh — generates ~/.ssh/config aliases for connected peers"
return 0
fi
mkdir -p "$WGEASY_DIR"
ensure_docker_dir_ownership "$WGEASY_DIR"
cd "$WGEASY_DIR" || return 1
# Auto-detect public IP as default for WG_HOST
local PUBLIC_IP WG_HOST WG_PASSWORD WG_PASSWORD_HASH
PUBLIC_IP=$(curl -s --connect-timeout 5 ifconfig.me 2>/dev/null || echo "your-public-ip")
WG_PASSWORD=$(openssl rand -base64 16 | tr -dc 'a-zA-Z0-9' | head -c 16)
# Pinned explicitly (rather than left to wg-easy's own internal default)
# so this script and the ufw rule below always agree on the subnet, even
# if a future wg-easy image changes its own default.
local WG_DEFAULT_ADDRESS="10.8.0.x"
local WG_SUBNET_CIDR="10.8.0.0/24"
prompt_text "Public IP or hostname for VPN [$PUBLIC_IP]:" "$PUBLIC_IP" WG_HOST
# wg-easy v14+ requires PASSWORD_HASH (bcrypt). Generate via docker.
log_info "Generating bcrypt password hash (requires Docker)..."
WG_PASSWORD_HASH=$(docker run --rm ghcr.io/wg-easy/wg-easy:latest wgpw "$WG_PASSWORD" 2>/dev/null \
| grep -oP '\$2[ab]\$[^\s]+' | head -1)
if [[ -z "$WG_PASSWORD_HASH" ]]; then
log_warning "Could not generate bcrypt hash — falling back to plaintext PASSWORD env var."
log_warning "If wg-easy fails to start, run: docker run --rm ghcr.io/wg-easy/wg-easy wgpw 'yourpassword'"
log_warning "Then set PASSWORD_HASH in docker-compose.yml and remove PASSWORD."
fi
# Escape $ in hash for docker-compose env (bcrypt hashes contain $$)
local WG_HASH_ESCAPED="${WG_PASSWORD_HASH//\$/\$\$}"
# Mirrors configure_caddy_for_service's own mode resolution (lib/common.sh):
# explicit CADDY_MODE from the site config wins, then a local ~/docker/caddy,
# then the legacy CADDY_REMOTE_HOST var. Only "local" joins caddy_net — a
# remote Caddy box can't resolve container names on this host's bridge
# network anyway; it reaches this service via the host's published port.
local _CADDY_MODE="${CADDY_MODE:-none}"
[ "$_CADDY_MODE" = "none" ] && [ -d "$DOCKER_DIR/caddy" ] && _CADDY_MODE="local"
[ "$_CADDY_MODE" = "none" ] && [ -n "${CADDY_REMOTE_HOST:-}" ] && _CADDY_MODE="remote"
local _CADDY_NET_BLOCK=""
local _CADDY_NET_SECTION=""
if [ "$_CADDY_MODE" = "local" ]; then
_CADDY_NET_BLOCK=" networks:
- caddy_net
"
_CADDY_NET_SECTION="
networks:
caddy_net:
external: true
name: ${SITE_CADDY_NET:-caddy_net}
"
fi
cat > docker-compose.yml << WGEASY_COMPOSE
name: wg-easy
services:
wg-easy:
image: ghcr.io/wg-easy/wg-easy:latest
container_name: wg-easy
hostname: wg-easy
restart: unless-stopped
cap_add:
- NET_ADMIN
- SYS_MODULE
sysctls:
- net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
- net.ipv4.conf.all.src_valid_mark=1
environment:
- WG_HOST=\${WG_HOST}
- PASSWORD_HASH=${WG_HASH_ESCAPED:-\${WG_PASSWORD}}
- WG_DEFAULT_DNS=1.1.1.1
- WG_DEFAULT_ADDRESS=${WG_DEFAULT_ADDRESS}
- WG_ALLOWED_IPS=0.0.0.0/0, ::/0
volumes:
- ./config:/etc/wireguard
ports:
- "51820:51820/udp"
- "51821:51821/tcp"
${_CADDY_NET_BLOCK}${_CADDY_NET_SECTION}
WGEASY_COMPOSE
cat > .env << WGEASY_ENV
WG_HOST=$WG_HOST
# Plain-text password — used only if PASSWORD_HASH could not be generated above
WG_PASSWORD=$WG_PASSWORD
CADDY_NET=$SITE_CADDY_NET
WGEASY_ENV
mkdir -p config
chown -R "$ACTUAL_USER:$ACTUAL_USER" "$WGEASY_DIR"
log_success "wg-easy configured at $WGEASY_DIR"
configure_caddy_for_service "wg-easy" "wg-easy:51821" "vpn"
# ── Optional: also allow SSH over this VPN's subnet ─────────────────────
# Additive only — never narrows or removes the existing public SSH rule.
# WG_ALLOWED_IPS=0.0.0.0/0 above already means every peer routes traffic
# for every other peer through this hub by default (confirmed against
# wg-easy's own docs/issue tracker: this is what makes client-to-client
# routing "just work" with no extra config) — this rule is only about
# giving SSH itself a path over that tunnel as an alternative to the
# public one, not about enabling the mesh routing itself.
if command -v ufw &>/dev/null; then
local ADD_SSH_VPN=""
prompt_yn "Also allow SSH from this VPN's subnet ($WG_SUBNET_CIDR)? Adds a rule; does NOT remove public SSH access — narrow that yourself once VPN access is confirmed working. (y/n):" "n" ADD_SSH_VPN
if [[ "$ADD_SSH_VPN" =~ ^[Yy]$ ]]; then
local _ssh_port
_ssh_port="$(grep -iE '^[[:space:]]*Port[[:space:]]+[0-9]+' /etc/ssh/sshd_config 2>/dev/null | tail -1 | awk '{print $2}')"
_ssh_port="${_ssh_port:-22}"
if ufw allow from "$WG_SUBNET_CIDR" to any port "$_ssh_port" proto tcp comment 'SSH via wg-easy VPN' >/dev/null 2>&1; then
log_success "SSH reachable from $WG_SUBNET_CIDR (public SSH access is unchanged)"
log_info "To require the VPN for SSH, narrow the public rule yourself once VPN access is confirmed:"
log_info " sudo ufw status numbered # find the public SSH/OpenSSH rule"
log_info " sudo ufw delete <number> # remove only after confirming VPN SSH works"
else
log_warning "Failed to add the UFW rule — add manually: ufw allow from $WG_SUBNET_CIDR to any port $_ssh_port proto tcp"
fi
fi
fi
# ── SSH alias sync script ────────────────────────────────────────────────
# Reads connected peers from the live WireGuard interface (`wg show`
# inside the container) rather than wg-easy's own internal client
# storage — wg-easy's HTTP API is explicitly undocumented/unstable, and
# its internal storage format has changed across versions, but `wg show`
# is core wireguard-tools and stable regardless of wg-easy's version.
# New peers are prompted for a friendly name once (cached in
# peer-names.env); reruns only ask about genuinely new peers.
cat > sync-ssh-aliases.sh << 'SYNCEOF'
#!/bin/bash
# ~/docker/wg-easy/sync-ssh-aliases.sh — generate ~/.ssh/config Host aliases
# for every connected wg-easy peer, so "ssh <name>" works without memorizing
# VPN IPs. Safe to re-run any time after adding a client in the web UI.
#
# sudo ./sync-ssh-aliases.sh
set -uo pipefail
HERE="$(cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")" && pwd)"
NAMES_FILE="$HERE/peer-names.env"
ACTUAL_USER="${SUDO_USER:-$USER}"
ACTUAL_HOME="$(getent passwd "$ACTUAL_USER" 2>/dev/null | cut -d: -f6 || echo "$HOME")"
SSH_CFG="$ACTUAL_HOME/.ssh/config"
touch "$NAMES_FILE"
if ! docker ps --format '{{.Names}}' 2>/dev/null | grep -qx wg-easy; then
echo "wg-easy container isn't running — start it first: docker compose up -d"
exit 1
fi
echo "Reading connected peers from the live WireGuard interface..."
DUMP="$(docker exec wg-easy wg show wg0 dump 2>/dev/null | tail -n +2)"
if [ -z "$DUMP" ]; then
echo "No peers found — add a client in the wg-easy web UI first, then re-run this."
exit 0
fi
ADDED=0
while IFS=$'\t' read -r PUBKEY _PSK _ENDPOINT ALLOWED_IPS _REST; do
[ -n "$PUBKEY" ] || continue
IP="${ALLOWED_IPS%%/*}"
[ -n "$IP" ] || continue
NAME="$(grep "^${PUBKEY}=" "$NAMES_FILE" 2>/dev/null | cut -d= -f2)"
if [ -z "$NAME" ]; then
echo ""
echo "New peer: $IP (public key ${PUBKEY:0:12}...)"
read -r -p " Name for an SSH alias (blank to skip this peer): " NAME
[ -n "$NAME" ] || continue
echo "${PUBKEY}=${NAME}" >> "$NAMES_FILE"
fi
if [ -f "$SSH_CFG" ] && grep -qiE "^Host[[:space:]]+${NAME}([[:space:]]|\$)" "$SSH_CFG"; then
echo " '$NAME' already in $SSH_CFG (if its IP changed to $IP, edit the entry manually)."
continue
fi
mkdir -p "$(dirname "$SSH_CFG")"; touch "$SSH_CFG"
chmod 700 "$(dirname "$SSH_CFG")"; chmod 600 "$SSH_CFG"
{
echo ""
echo "Host $NAME"
echo " HostName $IP"
echo " User $ACTUAL_USER"
} >> "$SSH_CFG"
chown -R "$ACTUAL_USER:$ACTUAL_USER" "$(dirname "$SSH_CFG")" 2>/dev/null || true
echo " Added: ssh $NAME -> $ACTUAL_USER@$IP"
ADDED=$((ADDED+1))
done <<< "$DUMP"
chown "$ACTUAL_USER:$ACTUAL_USER" "$NAMES_FILE" 2>/dev/null || true
echo ""
echo "Done — $ADDED new alias(es) added. Re-run any time after adding a peer in the wg-easy web UI."
SYNCEOF
chmod +x sync-ssh-aliases.sh
chown "$ACTUAL_USER:$ACTUAL_USER" sync-ssh-aliases.sh
write_readme "$WGEASY_DIR" << MD
# wg-easy
WireGuard VPN with a web UI for managing clients, generating QR codes,
and monitoring connections.
- Web UI: http://localhost:51821
- VPN: UDP port 51820 (forward this on your router)
- Password: stored in \`.env\` (\`WG_PASSWORD\`)
- VPN host: \`$WG_HOST\` (update \`WG_HOST\` in .env if your IP changes)
- VPN subnet: \`$WG_SUBNET_CIDR\`
- Config: \`config/\`
## Manage
\`\`\`bash
cd $WGEASY_DIR
docker compose up -d # start
docker compose down # stop
docker compose logs -f # logs
docker compose pull && docker compose up -d # update
\`\`\`
## Router setup
Forward **UDP port 51820** to this server's LAN IP for external VPN access.
## Adding clients
Open http://localhost:51821, log in with your password, click "+ New Client",
download or scan the QR code with the WireGuard app.
## Mesh — peers reach each other automatically
Every client is created with \`WG_ALLOWED_IPS=0.0.0.0/0, ::/0\`, so each peer
routes traffic for every other peer through this VPS by default — no manual
per-pair setup needed, any enrolled device can already reach any other
enrolled device once both are connected. Traffic between two peers takes one
hop through this VPS (not a direct connection between them); for SSH-sized
traffic that's irrelevant.
If you later enable wg-easy's **Per-Client Firewall** feature (Admin Panel →
Interface) or manually narrow a specific client's Allowed IPs, that client
loses this automatic mesh reachability — add the VPN subnet (\`$WG_SUBNET_CIDR\`)
back to its Allowed IPs / Firewall Allowed IPs to restore it.
## SSH aliases for connected peers
Run \`./sync-ssh-aliases.sh\` any time after adding a client in the web UI —
it reads currently-connected peers straight off the WireGuard interface,
asks for a friendly name the first time it sees each one, and adds a
matching \`Host\` entry to \`~/.ssh/config\` so \`ssh <name>\` works without
memorizing IPs. Name choices are cached in \`peer-names.env\` so reruns only
ask about genuinely new peers.
## SSH over the VPN
$( [[ "${ADD_SSH_VPN:-}" =~ ^[Yy]$ ]] && echo "SSH (port 22) is also reachable from \`$WG_SUBNET_CIDR\` in addition to the public internet — that's additive, your existing public SSH access is untouched. To require the VPN for SSH: verify VPN access works, then find and remove the public SSH rule yourself (\`sudo ufw status numbered\`, then \`sudo ufw delete <number>\`) — this is deliberately a manual last step so a misconfigured VPN can't lock you out." || echo "Not enabled for this install. Re-run this installer and answer yes to the SSH-over-VPN prompt, or add it manually: \`sudo ufw allow from $WG_SUBNET_CIDR to any port 22 proto tcp\`." )
MD
local START_WGEASY=""
prompt_yn "Start wg-easy now? (y/n):" "y" START_WGEASY
if [ "$START_WGEASY" = "y" ] || [ "$START_WGEASY" = "Y" ]; then
docker compose up -d && log_success "wg-easy started" || log_warning "Failed to start — check: docker compose logs"
fi
echo ""
echo " Web UI: http://localhost:51821"
echo " Password: $WG_PASSWORD (saved in .env)"
[[ -n "$WG_PASSWORD_HASH" ]] && echo " Auth: bcrypt hash configured (v14+ compatible)" \
|| echo " Auth: WARNING — bcrypt hash generation failed; see README"
echo " Router: forward UDP 51820 → this server for external VPN access"
echo ""
}
[[ "${_RUN_STANDALONE:-0}" == 1 ]] && install_wg-easy