Claude
0dfc2dd3ef
Found by an emulated install: Subiquity refuses --username admin (a system group) at boot with 'Username is reserved by the system', after the user has already written the stick. Check against subiquity's reserved-usernames list at build time instead. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com> Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01Cjz8a58eB5P9sUweqd3NHm
339 lines
15 KiB
Bash
Executable File
339 lines
15 KiB
Bash
Executable File
#!/bin/bash
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################################################################################
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# iso/build-iso.sh - Build an Ubuntu Server 26.04 install ISO with the
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# kiosk built in, so there's no separate "install Ubuntu, then clone and
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# run ./install.sh" step.
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#
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# What the ISO does:
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# 1. Boots the stock Ubuntu Server installer (Subiquity), driven by an
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# autoinstall.yaml at the root of the ISO. By default it still asks
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# for network, disk and your admin username/password - everything
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# else (language, keyboard, SSH server, snaps...) is answered for
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# you. Flags below make any of those automatic too.
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# 2. At the end of the install (autoinstall late-commands), copies this
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# repo to /opt/ubuntu-based-kiosk on the new system and enables a
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# one-shot first-boot service (firstboot/kiosk-firstboot.service).
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# 3. On the first boot of the installed system, that service takes over
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# tty1 and runs ./install.sh as your admin user from
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# ~/ubuntu-based-kiosk - interactively by default (same prompts as a
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# manual install), or with --unattended taking every default and
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# rebooting straight into the kiosk. Configure sites afterwards via
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# the Web UI (http://<ip>:8090) or ./install.sh.
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#
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# Nothing in the original ISO is changed except /boot/grub/grub.cfg
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# (menu title, plus the `autoinstall` kernel argument with --no-confirm);
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# boot records (BIOS + UEFI) are replayed from the original as-is.
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#
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# Requirements (on the build machine, any recent Ubuntu/Debian):
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# sudo apt install xorriso curl git openssl
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#
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# Usage:
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# iso/build-iso.sh [options]
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#
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# --iso PATH Use this Ubuntu Server ISO instead of downloading.
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# --release VER Ubuntu release to download (default: 26.04 - picks
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# the newest 26.04.x live-server-amd64 point release).
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# --output PATH Output ISO (default: iso/build/ubuntu-<ver>-kiosk-amd64.iso)
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#
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# Installed system:
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# --username NAME Admin username (the account you SSH in with and run
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# ./install.sh as - must not be "kiosk"). Giving this
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# makes the installer's identity screen automatic.
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# --password PASS Admin password (prompted for if --username is given
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# without it). Stored only as a SHA-512 crypt hash.
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# --hostname NAME Hostname (default: kiosk).
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# --realname NAME Full name for the admin account (default: Kiosk Admin).
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# --ssh-key FILE Add this public key file to the admin user's
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# authorized_keys.
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# --locale LOCALE Default: en_US.UTF-8
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# --keyboard LAYOUT Default: us
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# --auto-storage Don't ask about disks: wipe the largest disk and use
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# all of it (LVM). DESTROYS DATA on that disk.
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# --auto-network Don't show the network screen (DHCP on wired
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# interfaces). Leave this off if you need WiFi.
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# --no-confirm Don't ask "Continue with autoinstall?" at boot.
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# --fully-automatic Shorthand for --auto-storage --auto-network
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# --no-confirm --unattended; needs --username.
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# Booting this ISO will wipe a disk with NO questions.
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#
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# Kiosk install on first boot:
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# --unattended Run install.sh with all defaults, no prompts
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# (skips the Core Settings menu), then reboot.
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# --repo-url URL git remote recorded in the copied repo, used by
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# Advanced -> Upgrade (default: this checkout's
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# origin, else the upstream GitHub repo).
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#
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# The repo copied onto the ISO is a clone of this checkout's current HEAD
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# (committed changes only - uncommitted edits are NOT included).
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################################################################################
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set -euo pipefail
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SCRIPT_DIR="$(cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")" && pwd)"
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REPO_ROOT="$(cd "$SCRIPT_DIR/.." && pwd)"
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BUILD_DIR="$SCRIPT_DIR/build"
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DEFAULT_REPO_URL="https://github.com/outis1one/ubuntu-based-kiosk.git"
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SRC_ISO=""
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RELEASE="26.04"
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OUTPUT=""
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ADMIN_USER=""
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ADMIN_PASS=""
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HOSTNAME_="kiosk"
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REALNAME="Kiosk Admin"
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SSH_KEY_FILE=""
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LOCALE="en_US.UTF-8"
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KEYBOARD="us"
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AUTO_STORAGE=0
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AUTO_NETWORK=0
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NO_CONFIRM=0
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UNATTENDED=0
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REPO_URL=""
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# Usernames the Ubuntu installer rejects (system users/groups) - copied
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# from subiquity's reserved-usernames so a bad --username fails here
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# instead of at boot with "Username is reserved by the system".
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RESERVED_USERNAMES="
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root daemon bin sys sync games man lp mail news uucp proxy www-data
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backup list irc gnats nobody adm tty disk kmem dialout fax voice cdrom
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floppy tape sudo audio dip operator src shadow utmp video sasl plugdev
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staff users nogroup netplan ftn mysql tac-plus alias qmail qmaild
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qmails qmailr qmailq qmaill qmailp asterisk vpopmail vchkpw slurm
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hacluster haclient grsec-tpe grsec-sock-all grsec-sock-clt
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grsec-sock-srv grsec-proc ceph opensrf libvirt-qemu admin Debian-exim
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bind crontab cupsys dcc dhcp dictd dnsmasq dovecot fetchmail firebird
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ftp fuse gdm haldaemon hplilp identd input jwhois klog kvm lpadmin maas
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messagebus mythtv netdev powerdev radvd render saned sbuild scanner sgx
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slocate ssh sshd ssl-cert sslwrap statd syslog telnetd tftpd
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"
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die() { echo "ERROR: $*" >&2; exit 1; }
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info() { echo "==> $*"; }
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usage() {
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sed -n '/^# Usage:/,/^################/p' "$0" | sed '$d; s/^# \{0,1\}//'
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exit "${1:-0}"
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}
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while [[ $# -gt 0 ]]; do
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case "$1" in
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--iso) SRC_ISO="$2"; shift 2 ;;
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--release) RELEASE="$2"; shift 2 ;;
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--output) OUTPUT="$2"; shift 2 ;;
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--username) ADMIN_USER="$2"; shift 2 ;;
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--password) ADMIN_PASS="$2"; shift 2 ;;
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--hostname) HOSTNAME_="$2"; shift 2 ;;
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--realname) REALNAME="$2"; shift 2 ;;
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--ssh-key) SSH_KEY_FILE="$2"; shift 2 ;;
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--locale) LOCALE="$2"; shift 2 ;;
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--keyboard) KEYBOARD="$2"; shift 2 ;;
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--auto-storage) AUTO_STORAGE=1; shift ;;
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--auto-network) AUTO_NETWORK=1; shift ;;
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--no-confirm) NO_CONFIRM=1; shift ;;
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--unattended) UNATTENDED=1; shift ;;
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--fully-automatic) AUTO_STORAGE=1; AUTO_NETWORK=1; NO_CONFIRM=1; UNATTENDED=1; shift ;;
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--repo-url) REPO_URL="$2"; shift 2 ;;
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-h|--help) usage 0 ;;
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*) echo "Unknown option: $1" >&2; usage 1 ;;
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esac
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done
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################################################################################
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# Validate
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################################################################################
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for cmd in xorriso curl git openssl sha256sum; do
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command -v "$cmd" &>/dev/null || die "'$cmd' not found - install it: sudo apt install xorriso curl git openssl"
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done
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if [[ -n "$ADMIN_USER" ]]; then
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[[ "$ADMIN_USER" =~ ^[a-z_][a-z0-9_-]{0,31}$ ]] || die "invalid username: $ADMIN_USER"
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[[ "$ADMIN_USER" != "kiosk" && "$ADMIN_USER" != "root" ]] \
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|| die "username '$ADMIN_USER' is reserved (install.sh creates its own 'kiosk' user)"
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[[ " $(echo $RESERVED_USERNAMES) " != *" $ADMIN_USER "* ]] \
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|| die "username '$ADMIN_USER' is reserved by Ubuntu (a system user/group) - pick another"
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if [[ -z "$ADMIN_PASS" ]]; then
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read -r -s -p "Password for $ADMIN_USER: " ADMIN_PASS; echo
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read -r -s -p "Confirm password: " pass2; echo
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[[ "$ADMIN_PASS" == "$pass2" ]] || die "passwords don't match"
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[[ -n "$ADMIN_PASS" ]] || die "empty password"
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fi
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elif [[ -n "$ADMIN_PASS" ]]; then
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die "--password needs --username"
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fi
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if (( AUTO_STORAGE && AUTO_NETWORK && NO_CONFIRM )) && [[ -z "$ADMIN_USER" ]]; then
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die "--fully-automatic (or all of --auto-storage --auto-network --no-confirm) needs --username"
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fi
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[[ "$HOSTNAME_" =~ ^[a-zA-Z0-9]([a-zA-Z0-9-]{0,61}[a-zA-Z0-9])?$ ]] || die "invalid hostname: $HOSTNAME_"
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[[ -z "$SSH_KEY_FILE" || -r "$SSH_KEY_FILE" ]] || die "can't read --ssh-key file: $SSH_KEY_FILE"
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if [[ -z "$REPO_URL" ]]; then
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REPO_URL="$(git -C "$REPO_ROOT" remote get-url origin 2>/dev/null || true)"
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# Local proxies/mirrors and ssh remotes aren't reachable from a kiosk.
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[[ "$REPO_URL" == https://github.com/* ]] || REPO_URL="$DEFAULT_REPO_URL"
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fi
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mkdir -p "$BUILD_DIR"
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WORK="$(mktemp -d "$BUILD_DIR/work.XXXXXX")"
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trap 'rm -rf "$WORK"' EXIT
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################################################################################
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# Source ISO - download and verify unless one was given
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################################################################################
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if [[ -z "$SRC_ISO" ]]; then
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base="https://releases.ubuntu.com/$RELEASE"
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info "Looking up the latest Ubuntu $RELEASE live-server ISO..."
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sums="$(curl -fsSL "$base/SHA256SUMS")" || die "couldn't fetch $base/SHA256SUMS"
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iso_name="$(grep -oE "ubuntu-${RELEASE//./\\.}(\.[0-9]+)?-live-server-amd64\.iso" <<<"$sums" | sort -V | tail -1)"
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[[ -n "$iso_name" ]] || die "no live-server-amd64 ISO listed in $base/SHA256SUMS"
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expected="$(grep -F "*$iso_name" <<<"$sums" | awk '{print $1}')"
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mkdir -p "$BUILD_DIR/cache"
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SRC_ISO="$BUILD_DIR/cache/$iso_name"
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if [[ -f "$SRC_ISO" ]] && echo "$expected $SRC_ISO" | sha256sum -c --status; then
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info "Using cached $iso_name"
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else
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info "Downloading $iso_name (~3 GB)..."
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curl -fL --retry 5 -C - -o "$SRC_ISO" "$base/$iso_name" \
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|| curl -fL --retry 5 -o "$SRC_ISO" "$base/$iso_name"
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info "Verifying checksum..."
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echo "$expected $SRC_ISO" | sha256sum -c --status \
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|| { rm -f "$SRC_ISO"; die "checksum mismatch for $iso_name - deleted, re-run to retry"; }
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fi
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fi
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[[ -f "$SRC_ISO" ]] || die "ISO not found: $SRC_ISO"
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if [[ -z "$OUTPUT" ]]; then
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src_base="$(basename "$SRC_ISO" .iso)"
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OUTPUT="$BUILD_DIR/${src_base/-live-server/-kiosk}.iso"
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[[ "$OUTPUT" != "$BUILD_DIR/$src_base.iso" ]] || OUTPUT="$BUILD_DIR/${src_base}-kiosk.iso"
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fi
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################################################################################
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# Stage the repo + first-boot files that go on the ISO under /kiosk
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################################################################################
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info "Staging repo ($(git -C "$REPO_ROOT" rev-parse --abbrev-ref HEAD) @ $(git -C "$REPO_ROOT" rev-parse --short HEAD))..."
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if [[ -n "$(git -C "$REPO_ROOT" status --porcelain)" ]]; then
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echo " WARNING: uncommitted changes in $REPO_ROOT are NOT included - commit them first if you need them."
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fi
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mkdir -p "$WORK/kiosk/firstboot"
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git clone --quiet --depth 1 --no-local \
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--branch "$(git -C "$REPO_ROOT" rev-parse --abbrev-ref HEAD)" \
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"file://$REPO_ROOT" "$WORK/kiosk/ubuntu-based-kiosk"
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git -C "$WORK/kiosk/ubuntu-based-kiosk" remote set-url origin "$REPO_URL"
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install -m 755 "$SCRIPT_DIR/firstboot/kiosk-firstboot" "$WORK/kiosk/firstboot/"
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install -m 644 "$SCRIPT_DIR/firstboot/kiosk-firstboot.service" "$WORK/kiosk/firstboot/"
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cat > "$WORK/kiosk/firstboot/kiosk-firstboot.conf" <<EOF
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# Read by /usr/local/sbin/kiosk-firstboot. Written by iso/build-iso.sh.
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# 1 = take every install.sh default and reboot into the kiosk; 0 = interactive.
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KIOSK_UNATTENDED=$UNATTENDED
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EOF
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################################################################################
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# autoinstall.yaml
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################################################################################
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# Single-quoted YAML scalar.
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yq() { printf "'%s'" "${1//\'/\'\'}"; }
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interactive=()
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(( AUTO_NETWORK )) || interactive+=(network)
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(( AUTO_STORAGE )) || interactive+=(storage)
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[[ -n "$ADMIN_USER" ]] || interactive+=(identity)
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{
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echo "#cloud-config"
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echo "# Generated by iso/build-iso.sh - see that file for what this does."
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echo "autoinstall:"
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echo " version: 1"
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if (( ${#interactive[@]} )); then
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echo " interactive-sections:"
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for s in "${interactive[@]}"; do echo " - $s"; done
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fi
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echo " locale: $(yq "$LOCALE")"
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echo " keyboard:"
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echo " layout: $(yq "$KEYBOARD")"
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# Pre-selected answer for the storage screen when it's interactive;
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# the whole answer when --auto-storage.
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echo " storage:"
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echo " layout:"
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echo " name: lvm"
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echo " sizing-policy: all"
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if [[ -n "$ADMIN_USER" ]]; then
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echo " identity:"
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echo " hostname: $(yq "$HOSTNAME_")"
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echo " realname: $(yq "$REALNAME")"
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echo " username: $(yq "$ADMIN_USER")"
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echo " password: $(yq "$(openssl passwd -6 -stdin <<<"$ADMIN_PASS")")"
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fi
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echo " ssh:"
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echo " install-server: true"
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echo " allow-pw: true"
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if [[ -n "$SSH_KEY_FILE" ]]; then
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echo " authorized-keys:"
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while IFS= read -r key; do
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[[ -z "$key" || "$key" == \#* ]] && continue
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echo " - $(yq "$key")"
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done < "$SSH_KEY_FILE"
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fi
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cat <<'EOF'
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late-commands:
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- mkdir -p /target/opt /target/usr/local/sbin /target/var/lib/kiosk-firstboot
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- cp -a /cdrom/kiosk/ubuntu-based-kiosk /target/opt/ubuntu-based-kiosk
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- chmod -R u+w /target/opt/ubuntu-based-kiosk
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- install -m 755 /cdrom/kiosk/firstboot/kiosk-firstboot /target/usr/local/sbin/kiosk-firstboot
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- install -m 644 /cdrom/kiosk/firstboot/kiosk-firstboot.service /target/etc/systemd/system/kiosk-firstboot.service
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- install -m 644 /cdrom/kiosk/firstboot/kiosk-firstboot.conf /target/etc/kiosk-firstboot.conf
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- touch /target/var/lib/kiosk-firstboot/pending
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- curtin in-target --target=/target -- systemctl enable kiosk-firstboot.service
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EOF
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} > "$WORK/autoinstall.yaml"
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################################################################################
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# grub.cfg - same file serves BIOS and UEFI boot on the server ISO
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################################################################################
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xorriso -osirrox on -indev "$SRC_ISO" -extract /boot/grub/grub.cfg "$WORK/grub.cfg" 2>/dev/null \
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|| die "couldn't read /boot/grub/grub.cfg from $SRC_ISO - is it an Ubuntu Server ISO?"
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chmod u+w "$WORK/grub.cfg"
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grep -q '/casper/vmlinuz' "$WORK/grub.cfg" || die "unexpected grub.cfg layout in $SRC_ISO"
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sed -i 's/Try or Install Ubuntu Server/Install Ubuntu Based Kiosk/' "$WORK/grub.cfg"
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if (( NO_CONFIRM )); then
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sed -i -E '/linux[[:space:]]+\/casper\/vmlinuz/ s/[[:space:]]+---/ autoinstall ---/' "$WORK/grub.cfg"
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fi
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################################################################################
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# Write the new ISO
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################################################################################
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info "Writing $OUTPUT..."
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rm -f "$OUTPUT"
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xorriso -indev "$SRC_ISO" -outdev "$OUTPUT" \
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-map "$WORK/autoinstall.yaml" /autoinstall.yaml \
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-map "$WORK/kiosk" /kiosk \
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-map "$WORK/grub.cfg" /boot/grub/grub.cfg \
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-boot_image any replay \
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-padding included \
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> "$WORK/xorriso.log" 2>&1 \
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|| { cat "$WORK/xorriso.log" >&2; rm -f "$OUTPUT"; die "xorriso failed"; }
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echo
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info "Done: $OUTPUT ($(du -h "$OUTPUT" | cut -f1))"
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echo
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echo "Installer asks for : ${interactive[*]:-nothing}$( (( NO_CONFIRM )) || echo " (plus a 'Continue with autoinstall?' confirmation)")"
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echo "Admin user : ${ADMIN_USER:-chosen during install}"
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echo "First boot : $( (( UNATTENDED )) && echo "unattended install.sh, then reboots into the kiosk" || echo "interactive install.sh on the console")"
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echo
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echo "Write it to a USB stick (replace /dev/sdX - this erases it):"
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echo " sudo dd if='$OUTPUT' of=/dev/sdX bs=4M status=progress oflag=sync"
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if (( AUTO_STORAGE && NO_CONFIRM )); then
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echo
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echo "WARNING: this ISO wipes the target's largest disk without asking. Label the stick."
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fi
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